sustineo: all forms
sustineo means “hold up, endure; delay”. Below is its full conjugation in Latin.
Present active
Present active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | sustineo | sustineam | |
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| 2nd singular | sustines | sustineas | sustine |
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| 3rd singular | sustinet | sustineat | |
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| 1st plural | sustinemus | sustineamus | |
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| 2nd plural | sustinetis | sustineatis | sustinete |
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| 3rd plural | sustinent | sustineant | |
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Present passive
Present passive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | sustineor | sustinear | |
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| 2nd singular | sustinere · sustineris | sustinearis | sustinere |
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| 3rd singular | sustinetur | sustineatur | |
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| 1st plural | sustinemur | sustineamur | |
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| 2nd plural | sustinemini | sustineamini | sustinemini |
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| 3rd plural | sustinentur | sustineantur | |
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Imperfect active
Imperfect active | Indicative | Subjunctive |
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| 1st singular | sustinebam | sustinerem |
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| 2nd singular | sustinebas | sustineres |
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| 3rd singular | sustinebat | sustineret |
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| 1st plural | sustinebamus | sustineremus |
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| 2nd plural | sustinebatis | sustineretis |
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| 3rd plural | sustinebant | sustinerent |
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Imperfect passive
Imperfect passive | Indicative | Subjunctive |
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| 1st singular | sustinebar | sustinerer |
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| 2nd singular | sustinebare · sustinebaris | sustinerere · sustinereris |
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| 3rd singular | sustinebatur | sustineretur |
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| 1st plural | sustinebamur | sustineremur |
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| 2nd plural | sustinebamini | sustineremini |
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| 3rd plural | sustinebantur | sustinerentur |
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Future active
Future active | Indicative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | sustinebo | |
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| 2nd singular | sustinebis | sustineto |
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| 3rd singular | sustinebit | sustineto |
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| 1st plural | sustinebimus | |
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| 2nd plural | sustinebitis | sustinetote |
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| 3rd plural | sustinebunt | sustinento |
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Future passive
Future passive | Indicative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | sustinebor | |
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| 2nd singular | sustinebere · sustineberis | sustinetor |
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| 3rd singular | sustinebitur | sustinetor |
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| 1st plural | sustinebimur | |
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| 2nd plural | sustinebimini | |
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| 3rd plural | sustinebuntur | sustinentor |
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Perfect active
Perfect active | Indicative | Subjunctive |
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| 1st singular | sustinui | sustinuerim |
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| 2nd singular | sustinuisti | sustinueris |
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| 3rd singular | sustinuit | sustinuerit |
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| 1st plural | sustinuimus | sustinuerimus |
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| 2nd plural | sustinuistis | sustinueritis |
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| 3rd plural | sustinuerunt · sustinuere | sustinuerint |
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Pluperfect active
Pluperfect active | Indicative | Subjunctive |
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| 1st singular | sustinueram | sustinuissem |
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| 2nd singular | sustinueras | sustinuisses |
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| 3rd singular | sustinuerat | sustinuisset |
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| 1st plural | sustinueramus | sustinuissemus |
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| 2nd plural | sustinueratis | sustinuissetis |
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| 3rd plural | sustinuerant | sustinuissent |
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Future perfect active
Future perfect active | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | sustinuero |
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| 2nd singular | sustinueris |
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| 3rd singular | sustinuerit |
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| 1st plural | sustinuerimus |
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| 2nd plural | sustinueritis |
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| 3rd plural | sustinuerint |
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Infinitives
Infinitives | Active | Passive |
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| Present | sustinere | sustineri |
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| Perfect | sustinuisse | |
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Participles
Present active participle, singular | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | | sustinens |
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| Genitive | | sustinentis |
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| Dative | | sustinenti |
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| Accusative | sustinens | sustinentem |
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| Ablative | | sustinente · sustinenti |
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| Vocative | | sustinens |
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Present active participle, plural | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustinentia | sustinentes |
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| Genitive | | sustinentium |
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| Dative | | sustinentibus |
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| Accusative | sustinentia | sustinentes |
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| Ablative | | sustinentibus |
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| Vocative | sustinentia | sustinentes |
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Future active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustenturus | sustentura | sustenturum | |
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| Genitive | sustenturi | sustenturae | sustenturi | |
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| Dative | sustenturo | sustenturae | sustenturo | |
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| Accusative | sustenturum | sustenturam | sustenturum | |
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| Ablative | sustenturo | sustentura | sustenturo | |
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| Vocative | sustenture | sustentura | sustenturum | |
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Future active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustenturi | sustenturae | sustentura | |
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| Genitive | sustenturorum | sustenturarum | sustenturorum | |
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| Dative | | | | sustenturis |
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| Accusative | sustenturos | sustenturas | sustentura | |
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| Ablative | | | | sustenturis |
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| Vocative | sustenturi | sustenturae | sustentura | |
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Perfect passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustentus | sustenta | sustentum | |
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| Genitive | sustenti | sustentae | sustenti | |
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| Dative | sustento | sustentae | sustento | |
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| Accusative | sustentum | sustentam | sustentum | |
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| Ablative | sustento | sustenta | sustento | |
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| Vocative | sustente | sustenta | sustentum | |
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Perfect passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustenti | sustentae | sustenta | |
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| Genitive | sustentorum | sustentarum | sustentorum | |
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| Dative | | | | sustentis |
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| Accusative | sustentos | sustentas | sustenta | |
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| Ablative | | | | sustentis |
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| Vocative | sustenti | sustentae | sustenta | |
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Gerund, gerundive and supine
Gerundive, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustinendus | sustinenda | sustinendum | |
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| Genitive | sustinendi | sustinendae | sustinendi | |
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| Dative | sustinendo | sustinendae | sustinendo | |
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| Accusative | sustinendum | sustinendam | sustinendum | |
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| Ablative | sustinendo | sustinenda | sustinendo | |
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| Vocative | sustinende | sustinenda | sustinendum | |
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Gerundive, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Forms |
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| Nominative | sustinendi | sustinendae | sustinenda | |
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| Genitive | sustinendorum | sustinendarum | sustinendorum | |
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| Dative | | | | sustinendis |
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| Accusative | sustinendos | sustinendas | sustinenda | |
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| Ablative | | | | sustinendis |
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| Vocative | sustinendi | sustinendae | sustinenda | |
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Supine | Forms |
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| Accusative | sustentum |
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| Ablative | sustentu |
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Meaning and examples of sustineo
Source: Socratos (socratos.org), a free reader for Ancient Greek and Latin. Grammar from the Perseus Treebank and Morpheus; dictionary entries from Lewis & Short, A Latin Dictionary (Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA). Counts are from the texts on Socratos.