ἐσθίω (esthio): all forms
ἐσθίω means “eat”. Below is its full conjugation in Ancient Greek.
Present active
Present active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσθίω | ἐσθίω | ἐσθίοιμι | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσθίεις | ἐσθίῃς | ἐσθίοις | ἔσθιε |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσθίει | ἐσθίῃ | ἐσθίοι | ἐσθιέτω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσθίομεν | ἐσθίωμεν | ἐσθίοιμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσθίετε | ἐσθίητε | ἐσθίοιτε | ἐσθίετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσθίουσι(ν) | ἐσθίωσι(ν) | ἐσθίοιεν | ἐσθιέτωσαν · ἐσθιόντων |
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Present middle/passive
Present middle/passive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσθίομαι | ἐσθίωμαι | ἐσθιοίμην | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσθίει · ἐσθίῃ | ἐσθίῃ | ἐσθίοιο | ἐσθίου |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσθίεται | ἐσθίηται | ἐσθίοιτο | ἐσθιέσθω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσθιόμεθα | ἐσθιώμεθα | ἐσθιοίμεθα | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσθίεσθε | ἐσθίησθε | ἐσθίοισθε | ἐσθίεσθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσθίονται | ἐσθίωνται | ἐσθίοιντο | ἐσθιέσθων · ἐσθιέσθωσαν |
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Imperfect active
Imperfect active | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἤσθιον |
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| 2nd singular | ἤσθιες |
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| 3rd singular | ἤσθιε(ν) |
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| 1st plural | ἠσθίομεν |
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| 2nd plural | ἠσθίετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἤσθιον |
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Imperfect middle/passive
Imperfect middle/passive | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἠσθιόμην |
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| 2nd singular | ἠσθίου |
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| 3rd singular | ἠσθίετο |
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| 1st plural | ἠσθιόμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | ἠσθίεσθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἠσθίοντο |
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Future middle
Future middle | Indicative | Optative |
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| 1st singular | ἔδομαι | ἐδοίμην |
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| 2nd singular | ἔδῃ · ἔδει | ἔδοιο |
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| 3rd singular | ἔδεται | ἔδοιτο |
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| 1st plural | ἐδόμεθα | ἐδοίμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | ἔδεσθε | ἔδοισθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἔδονται | ἔδοιντο |
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Aorist active
Aorist active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἔφαγον | φάγω | φάγοιμι | |
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| 2nd singular | ἔφαγες | φάγῃς | φάγοις | φάγε |
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| 3rd singular | ἔφαγε(ν) | φάγῃ | φάγοι | φαγέτω |
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| 1st plural | ἐφάγομεν | φάγωμεν | φάγοιμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐφάγετε | φάγητε | φάγοιτε | φάγετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἔφαγον | φάγωσι(ν) | φάγοιεν | φαγόντων |
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Aorist middle
Aorist middle | Indicative | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐφαγόμην | φαγοίμην | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐφάγου | φάγοιο | φαγοῦ |
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| 3rd singular | ἐφάγετο | φάγοιτο | φαγέσθω |
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| 1st plural | ἐφαγόμεθα | φαγοίμεθα | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐφάγεσθε | φάγοισθε | φάγεσθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐφάγοντο | φάγοιντο | φαγέσθων · φαγέσθωσαν |
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Aorist middle/passive
Aorist middle/passive | Subjunctive |
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| 1st singular | φάγωμαι |
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| 2nd singular | φάγῃ |
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| 3rd singular | φάγηται |
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| 1st plural | φαγώμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | φάγησθε |
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| 3rd plural | φάγωνται |
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Perfect active
Perfect active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐδήδοκα | ἐδηδόκω | ἐδηδοκοίην · ἐδηδόκοιμι | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐδήδοκας | ἐδηδόκῃς | ἐδηδόκοις · ἐδηδοκοίης | ἐδήδοκε |
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| 3rd singular | ἐδήδοκε(ν) | ἐδηδόκῃ | ἐδηδοκοίη · ἐδηδόκοι | ἐδηδοκέτω |
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| 1st plural | ἐδηδόκαμεν | ἐδηδόκωμεν | ἐδηδόκοιμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐδηδόκατε | ἐδηδόκητε | ἐδηδόκοιτε | ἐδηδόκετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐδηδόκασι(ν) | ἐδηδόκωσι(ν) | ἐδηδόκοιεν | |
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Perfect passive
Perfect passive | Indicative |
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| 3rd singular | ἐδήδοται |
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Perfect middle/passive
Perfect middle/passive | Indicative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐδήδεσμαι | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐδήδεσαι | ἐδήδεσο |
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| 3rd singular | ἐδήδεσται | ἐδηδέσθω |
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| 1st plural | ἐδηδέσμεθα | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐδήδεσθε | ἐδήδεσθε |
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| 3rd plural | | ἐδηδέσθων |
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Pluperfect active
Pluperfect active | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἠδηδόκειν · ἠδηδόκη |
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| 2nd singular | ἠδηδόκεις · ἠδηδόκης |
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| 3rd singular | ἠδηδόκει |
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| 1st plural | ἠδηδόκεμεν |
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| 2nd plural | ἠδηδόκετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἠδηδόκεσαν |
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Pluperfect middle/passive
Pluperfect middle/passive | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἠδηδέσμην |
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| 2nd singular | ἠδήδεσο |
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| 3rd singular | ἠδήδεστο |
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| 1st plural | ἠδηδέσμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | ἠδήδεσθε |
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Infinitives
Infinitives | Active | Middle | Middle/passive |
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| Present | ἐσθίειν | | ἐσθίεσθαι |
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| Future | | ἔδεσθαι | |
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| Aorist | φαγεῖν | φαγέσθαι | |
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| Perfect | ἐδηδοκέναι | | ἐδηδέσθαι |
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Participles
Present active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐσθίων | ἐσθίουσα | ἐσθίον |
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| Genitive | ἐσθίοντος | ἐσθιούσης | ἐσθίοντος |
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| Dative | ἐσθίοντι | ἐσθιούσῃ | ἐσθίοντι |
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| Accusative | ἐσθίοντα | ἐσθίουσαν | ἐσθίον |
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| Vocative | ἐσθίον | ἐσθίουσα | ἐσθίον |
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Present active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐσθίοντες | ἐσθίουσαι | ἐσθίοντα |
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| Genitive | ἐσθιόντων | ἐσθιουσῶν | ἐσθιόντων |
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| Dative | ἐσθίουσι(ν) | ἐσθιούσαις | ἐσθίουσι(ν) |
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| Accusative | ἐσθίοντας | ἐσθιούσας | ἐσθίοντα |
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| Vocative | ἐσθίοντες | ἐσθίουσαι | ἐσθίοντα |
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Present middle/passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐσθιόμενος | ἐσθιομένη | ἐσθιόμενον |
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| Genitive | ἐσθιομένου | ἐσθιομένης | ἐσθιομένου |
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| Dative | ἐσθιομένῳ | ἐσθιομένῃ | ἐσθιομένῳ |
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| Accusative | ἐσθιόμενον | ἐσθιομένην | ἐσθιόμενον |
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| Vocative | ἐσθιόμενε | ἐσθιομένη | ἐσθιόμενον |
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Present middle/passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐσθιόμενοι | ἐσθιόμεναι | ἐσθιόμενα |
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| Genitive | ἐσθιομένων | ἐσθιομένων | ἐσθιομένων |
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| Dative | ἐσθιομένοις | ἐσθιομέναις | ἐσθιομένοις |
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| Accusative | ἐσθιομένους | ἐσθιομένας | ἐσθιόμενα |
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| Vocative | ἐσθιόμενοι | ἐσθιόμεναι | ἐσθιόμενα |
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Future middle participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐδόμενος | ἐδομένη | ἐδόμενον |
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| Genitive | ἐδομένου | ἐδομένης | ἐδομένου |
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| Dative | ἐδομένῳ | ἐδομένῃ | ἐδομένῳ |
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| Accusative | ἐδόμενον | ἐδομένην | ἐδόμενον |
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| Vocative | ἐδόμενε | ἐδομένη | ἐδόμενον |
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Future middle participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐδόμενοι | ἐδόμεναι | ἐδόμενα |
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| Genitive | ἐδομένων | ἐδομένων | ἐδομένων |
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| Dative | ἐδομένοις | ἐδομέναις | ἐδομένοις |
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| Accusative | ἐδομένους | ἐδομένας | ἐδόμενα |
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| Vocative | ἐδόμενοι | ἐδόμεναι | ἐδόμενα |
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Aorist active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | φαγών | φαγοῦσα | φαγόν |
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| Genitive | φαγόντος | φαγούσης | φαγόντος |
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| Dative | φαγόντι | φαγούσῃ | φαγόντι |
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| Accusative | φαγόντα | φαγοῦσαν | φαγόν |
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| Vocative | φαγόν | φαγοῦσα | φαγόν |
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Aorist active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | φαγόντες | φαγοῦσαι | φαγόντα |
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| Genitive | φαγόντων | φαγουσῶν | φαγόντων |
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| Dative | φαγοῦσι(ν) | φαγούσαις | φαγοῦσι(ν) |
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| Accusative | φαγόντας | φαγούσας | φαγόντα |
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| Vocative | φαγόντες | φαγοῦσαι | φαγόντα |
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Aorist middle participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | φαγόμενος | φαγομένη | φαγόμενον |
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| Genitive | φαγομένου | φαγομένης | φαγομένου |
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| Dative | φαγομένῳ | φαγομένῃ | φαγομένῳ |
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| Accusative | φαγόμενον | φαγομένην | φαγόμενον |
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| Vocative | φαγόμενε | φαγομένη | φαγόμενον |
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Aorist middle participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | φαγόμενοι | φαγόμεναι | φαγόμενα |
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| Genitive | φαγομένων | φαγομένων | φαγομένων |
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| Dative | φαγομένοις | φαγομέναις | φαγομένοις |
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| Accusative | φαγομένους | φαγομένας | φαγόμενα |
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| Vocative | φαγόμενοι | φαγόμεναι | φαγόμενα |
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Perfect active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐδηδοκώς | ἐδηδοκυῖα | ἐδηδοκός |
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| Genitive | ἐδηδοκότος | ἐδηδοκυίας | ἐδηδοκότος |
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| Dative | ἐδηδοκότι | ἐδηδοκυίᾳ | ἐδηδοκότι |
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| Accusative | ἐδηδοκότα | ἐδηδοκυῖαν | ἐδηδοκός |
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| Vocative | ἐδηδοκώς | ἐδηδοκυῖα | ἐδηδοκός |
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Perfect active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐδηδοκότες | ἐδηδοκυῖαι | ἐδηδοκότα |
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| Genitive | ἐδηδοκότων | ἐδηδοκυιῶν | ἐδηδοκότων |
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| Dative | ἐδηδοκόσι(ν) | ἐδηδοκυίαις · ἐδηδοκυίαφι · ἐδηδοκυίᾳς | ἐδηδοκόσι(ν) |
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| Accusative | ἐδηδοκότας | ἐδηδοκυίας | ἐδηδοκότα |
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| Vocative | ἐδηδοκότες | ἐδηδοκυῖαι | ἐδηδοκότα |
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Perfect middle/passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | ἐδηδεσμένος | ἐδηδεσμένη | ἐδηδεσμένον |
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| Genitive | ἐδηδεσμένου | ἐδηδεσμένης | ἐδηδεσμένου |
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| Dative | ἐδηδεσμένῳ | ἐδηδεσμένῃ | ἐδηδεσμένῳ |
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| Accusative | ἐδηδεσμένον | ἐδηδεσμένην | ἐδηδεσμένον |
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| Vocative | ἐδηδεσμένε | ἐδηδεσμένη | ἐδηδεσμένον |
|---|
Perfect middle/passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | ἐδηδεσμένοι | ἐδηδεσμέναι | ἐδηδεσμένα |
|---|
| Genitive | ἐδηδεσμένων | ἐδηδεσμένων | ἐδηδεσμένων |
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| Dative | ἐδηδεσμένοις | ἐδηδεσμέναις | ἐδηδεσμένοις |
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| Accusative | ἐδηδεσμένους | ἐδηδεσμένας | ἐδηδεσμένα |
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| Vocative | ἐδηδεσμένοι | ἐδηδεσμέναι | ἐδηδεσμένα |
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Meaning and examples of ἐσθίω
Source: Socratos (socratos.org), a free reader for Ancient Greek and Latin. Grammar from the Perseus Treebank and Morpheus; dictionary entries from Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA). Counts are from the texts on Socratos.