σπουδάζω (spoudazo): all forms
σπουδάζω means “be eager, hurry; be serious”. Below is its full conjugation in Ancient Greek.
Present active
Present active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | σπουδάζω | σπουδάζω | σπουδάζοιμι | |
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| 2nd singular | σπουδάζεις | σπουδάζῃς | σπουδάζοις | σπούδαζε |
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| 3rd singular | σπουδάζει | σπουδάζῃ | σπουδάζοι | σπουδαζέτω |
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| 1st plural | σπουδάζομεν | σπουδάζωμεν | σπουδάζοιμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | σπουδάζετε | σπουδάζητε | σπουδάζοιτε | σπουδάζετε |
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| 3rd plural | σπουδάζουσι(ν) | σπουδάζωσι(ν) | σπουδάζοιεν | σπουδαζόντων · σπουδαζέτωσαν |
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Present middle/passive
Present middle/passive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | σπουδάζομαι | σπουδάζωμαι | σπουδαζοίμην | |
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| 2nd singular | σπουδάζει · σπουδάζῃ | σπουδάζῃ | σπουδάζοιο | σπουδάζου |
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| 3rd singular | σπουδάζεται | σπουδάζηται | σπουδάζοιτο | σπουδαζέσθω |
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| 1st plural | σπουδαζόμεθα | σπουδαζώμεθα | σπουδαζοίμεθα | |
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| 2nd plural | σπουδάζεσθε | σπουδάζησθε | σπουδάζοισθε | σπουδάζεσθε |
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| 3rd plural | σπουδάζονται | σπουδάζωνται | σπουδάζοιντο | σπουδαζέσθων · σπουδαζέσθωσαν |
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Imperfect active
Imperfect active | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπούδαζον |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπούδαζες |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπούδαζε(ν) |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάζομεν |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάζετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπούδαζον |
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Imperfect middle/passive
Imperfect middle/passive | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπουδαζόμην |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπουδάζου |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπουδάζετο |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδαζόμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάζεσθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδαζέατο · ἐσπουδάζοντο |
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Future middle
Future middle | Indicative | Optative |
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| 1st singular | σπουδάσομαι | σπουδασοίμην |
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| 2nd singular | σπουδάσει · σπουδάσῃ | σπουδάσοιο |
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| 3rd singular | σπουδάσεται | σπουδάσοιτο |
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| 1st plural | σπουδασόμεθα | σπουδασοίμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | σπουδάσεσθε | σπουδάσοισθε |
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| 3rd plural | σπουδάσονται | σπουδάσοιντο |
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Future passive
Future passive | Indicative | Optative |
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| 1st singular | σπουδασθήσομαι | σπουδασθησοίμην |
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| 2nd singular | σπουδασθήσῃ · σπουδασθήσει | σπουδασθήσοιο |
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| 3rd singular | σπουδασθήσεται | σπουδασθήσοιτο |
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| 1st plural | σπουδασθησόμεθα | σπουδασθησοίμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | σπουδασθήσεσθε | σπουδασθήσοισθε |
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| 3rd plural | σπουδασθήσονται | σπουδασθήσοιντο |
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Aorist active
Aorist active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπούδασα | σπουδάσω | σπουδάσαιμι | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπούδασας | σπουδάσῃς | σπουδάσαις · σπουδάσειας | σπούδασον |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπούδασε(ν) | σπουδάσῃ | σπουδάσειε(ν) · σπουδάσαι | σπουδασάτω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάσαμεν | σπουδάσωμεν | σπουδάσαιμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάσατε | σπουδάσητε | σπουδάσαιτε | σπουδάσατε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπούδασαν | σπουδάσωσι(ν) | σπουδάσαιεν · σπουδάσειαν | σπουδασάντων · σπουδασάτωσαν |
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Aorist middle
Aorist middle | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπουδασάμην | σπουδάσωμαι | σπουδασαίμην | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπουδάσω | σπουδάσῃ | σπουδάσαιο | σπούδασαι |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπουδάσατο | σπουδάσηται | σπουδάσαιτο | σπουδασάσθω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδασάμεθα | σπουδασώμεθα | σπουδασαίμεθα | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάσασθε | σπουδάσησθε | σπουδάσαισθε | σπουδάσασθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδάσαντο | σπουδάσωνται | σπουδάσαιντο | σπουδασάσθων · σπουδασάσθωσαν |
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Aorist passive
Aorist passive | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπουδάσθην | σπουδασθῶ | σπουδασθείην | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπουδάσθης | σπουδασθῇς | σπουδασθείης | σπουδάσθητι |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπουδάσθη | σπουδασθῇ | σπουδασθείη | σπουδασθήτω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάσθημεν | σπουδασθῶμεν | σπουδασθείημεν · σπουδασθεῖμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάσθητε | σπουδασθῆτε | σπουδασθείητε · σπουδασθεῖτε | σπουδάσθησθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδάσθησαν | σπουδασθῶσι(ν) | σπουδασθείησαν · σπουδασθεῖεν | σπουδασθέσθων · σπουδασθήτωσαν |
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Aorist middle/passive
Aorist middle/passive | Indicative |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδασέατο |
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Perfect active
Perfect active | Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπούδακα | ἐσπουδάκω | ἐσπουδάκοιμι · ἐσπουδακοίην | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπούδακας | ἐσπουδάκῃς | ἐσπουδάκοις · ἐσπουδακοίης | ἐσπούδακε |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπούδακε(ν) | ἐσπουδάκῃ | ἐσπουδάκοι · ἐσπουδακοίη | ἐσπουδακέτω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάκαμεν | ἐσπουδάκωμεν | ἐσπουδάκοιμεν | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάκατε | ἐσπουδάκητε | ἐσπουδάκοιτε | ἐσπουδάκετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδάκασι(ν) | ἐσπουδάκωσι(ν) | ἐσπουδάκοιεν | |
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Perfect middle/passive
Perfect middle/passive | Indicative | Imperative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπούδασμαι | |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπούδασαι | ἐσπούδασο |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπούδασται | ἐσπουδάσθω |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάσμεθα | |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπούδασθε | ἐσπούδασθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδάδαται | ἐσπουδάσθων |
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Pluperfect active
Pluperfect active | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπουδάκη |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπουδάκης |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπουδάκει |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάκεμεν |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπουδάκετε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδάκεσαν |
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Pluperfect middle/passive
Pluperfect middle/passive | Indicative |
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| 1st singular | ἐσπουδάσμην |
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| 2nd singular | ἐσπούδασο |
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| 3rd singular | ἐσπούδαστο |
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| 1st plural | ἐσπουδάσμεθα |
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| 2nd plural | ἐσπούδασθε |
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| 3rd plural | ἐσπουδάδατο |
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Infinitives
Infinitives | Active | Middle | Passive | Middle/passive |
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| Present | σπουδάζειν | | | σπουδάζεσθαι |
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| Future | | σπουδάσεσθαι | σπουδασθήσεσθαι | |
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| Aorist | σπουδάσαι | σπουδάσασθαι | σπουδασθῆναι | |
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| Perfect | ἐσπουδακέναι | | | ἐσπουδάσθαι |
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Participles
Present active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδάζων | σπουδάζουσα | σπουδάζον |
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| Genitive | σπουδάζοντος | σπουδαζούσης | σπουδάζοντος |
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| Dative | σπουδάζοντι | σπουδαζούσῃ | σπουδάζοντι |
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| Accusative | σπουδάζοντα | σπουδάζουσαν | σπουδάζον |
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| Vocative | σπουδάζον | σπουδάζουσα | σπουδάζον |
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Present active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδάζοντες | σπουδάζουσαι | σπουδάζοντα |
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| Genitive | σπουδαζόντων | σπουδαζουσῶν | σπουδαζόντων |
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| Dative | σπουδάζουσι(ν) | σπουδαζούσαις | σπουδάζουσι(ν) |
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| Accusative | σπουδάζοντας | σπουδαζούσας | σπουδάζοντα |
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| Vocative | σπουδάζοντες | σπουδάζουσαι | σπουδάζοντα |
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Present middle/passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδαζόμενος | σπουδαζομένη | σπουδαζόμενον |
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| Genitive | σπουδαζομένου | σπουδαζομένης | σπουδαζομένου |
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| Dative | σπουδαζομένῳ | σπουδαζομένῃ | σπουδαζομένῳ |
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| Accusative | σπουδαζόμενον | σπουδαζομένην | σπουδαζόμενον |
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| Vocative | σπουδαζόμενε | σπουδαζομένη | σπουδαζόμενον |
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Present middle/passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδαζόμενοι | σπουδαζόμεναι | σπουδαζόμενα |
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| Genitive | σπουδαζομένων | σπουδαζομένων | σπουδαζομένων |
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| Dative | σπουδαζομένοις | σπουδαζομέναις | σπουδαζομένοις |
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| Accusative | σπουδαζομένους | σπουδαζομένας | σπουδαζόμενα |
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| Vocative | σπουδαζόμενοι | σπουδαζόμεναι | σπουδαζόμενα |
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Future middle participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδασόμενος | σπουδασομένη | σπουδασόμενον |
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| Genitive | σπουδασομένου | σπουδασομένης | σπουδασομένου |
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| Dative | σπουδασομένῳ | σπουδασομένῃ | σπουδασομένῳ |
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| Accusative | σπουδασόμενον | σπουδασομένην | σπουδασόμενον |
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| Vocative | σπουδασόμενε | σπουδασομένη | σπουδασόμενον |
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Future middle participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδασόμενοι | σπουδασόμεναι | σπουδασόμενα |
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| Genitive | σπουδασομένων | σπουδασομένων | σπουδασομένων |
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| Dative | σπουδασομένοις | σπουδασομέναις | σπουδασομένοις |
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| Accusative | σπουδασομένους | σπουδασομένας | σπουδασόμενα |
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| Vocative | σπουδασόμενοι | σπουδασόμεναι | σπουδασόμενα |
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Future passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδασθησόμενος | σπουδασθησομένη | σπουδασθησόμενον |
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| Genitive | σπουδασθησομένου | σπουδασθησομένης | σπουδασθησομένου |
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| Dative | σπουδασθησομένῳ | σπουδασθησομένῃ | σπουδασθησομένῳ |
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| Accusative | σπουδασθησόμενον | σπουδασθησομένην | σπουδασθησόμενον |
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| Vocative | σπουδασθησόμενε | σπουδασθησομένη | σπουδασθησόμενον |
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Future passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδασθησόμενοι | σπουδασθησόμεναι | σπουδασθησόμενα |
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| Genitive | σπουδασθησομένων | σπουδασθησομένων | σπουδασθησομένων |
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| Dative | σπουδασθησομένοις | σπουδασθησομέναις | σπουδασθησομένοις |
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| Accusative | σπουδασθησομένους | σπουδασθησομένας | σπουδασθησόμενα |
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| Vocative | σπουδασθησόμενοι | σπουδασθησόμεναι | σπουδασθησόμενα |
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Aorist active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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| Nominative | σπουδάσας | σπουδάσασα | σπουδάσαν |
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| Genitive | σπουδάσαντος | σπουδασάσης | σπουδάσαντος |
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| Dative | σπουδάσαντι | σπουδασάσῃ | σπουδάσαντι |
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| Accusative | σπουδάσαντα | σπουδάσασαν | σπουδάσαν |
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| Vocative | σπουδάσας | σπουδάσασα | σπουδάσαν |
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Aorist active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | σπουδάσαντες | σπουδάσασαι | σπουδάσαντα |
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| Genitive | σπουδασάντων | σπουδασασῶν | σπουδασάντων |
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| Dative | σπουδάσασι(ν) | σπουδασάσαις | σπουδάσασι(ν) |
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| Accusative | σπουδάσαντας | σπουδασάσας | σπουδάσαντα |
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| Vocative | σπουδάσαντες | σπουδάσασαι | σπουδάσαντα |
|---|
Aorist middle participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | σπουδασάμενος | σπουδασαμένη | σπουδασάμενον |
|---|
| Genitive | σπουδασαμένου | σπουδασαμένης | σπουδασαμένου |
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| Dative | σπουδασαμένῳ | σπουδασαμένῃ | σπουδασαμένῳ |
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| Accusative | σπουδασάμενον | σπουδασαμένην | σπουδασάμενον |
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| Vocative | σπουδασάμενε | σπουδασαμένη | σπουδασάμενον |
|---|
Aorist middle participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | σπουδασάμενοι | σπουδασάμεναι | σπουδασάμενα |
|---|
| Genitive | σπουδασαμένων | σπουδασαμένων | σπουδασαμένων |
|---|
| Dative | σπουδασαμένοις | σπουδασαμέναις | σπουδασαμένοις |
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| Accusative | σπουδασαμένους | σπουδασαμένας | σπουδασάμενα |
|---|
| Vocative | σπουδασάμενοι | σπουδασάμεναι | σπουδασάμενα |
|---|
Aorist passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | σπουδασθείς | σπουδασθεῖσα | σπουδασθέν |
|---|
| Genitive | σπουδασθέντος | σπουδασθείσης | σπουδασθέντος |
|---|
| Dative | σπουδασθέντι | σπουδασθείσῃ | σπουδασθέντι |
|---|
| Accusative | σπουδασθέντα | σπουδασθεῖσαν | σπουδασθέν |
|---|
| Vocative | σπουδασθείς | σπουδασθεῖσα | σπουδασθέν |
|---|
Aorist passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | σπουδασθέντες | σπουδασθεῖσαι | σπουδασθέντα |
|---|
| Genitive | σπουδασθέντων | σπουδασθεισῶν | σπουδασθέντων |
|---|
| Dative | σπουδασθεῖσι(ν) | σπουδασθείσαις | σπουδασθεῖσι(ν) |
|---|
| Accusative | σπουδασθέντας | σπουδασθείσας | σπουδασθέντα |
|---|
| Vocative | σπουδασθέντες | σπουδασθεῖσαι | σπουδασθέντα |
|---|
Perfect active participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | ἐσπουδακώς | ἐσπουδακυῖα | ἐσπουδακός |
|---|
| Genitive | ἐσπουδακότος | ἐσπουδακυίας | ἐσπουδακότος |
|---|
| Dative | ἐσπουδακότι | ἐσπουδακυίᾳ | ἐσπουδακότι |
|---|
| Accusative | ἐσπουδακότα | ἐσπουδακυῖαν | ἐσπουδακός |
|---|
| Vocative | ἐσπουδακώς | ἐσπουδακυῖα | ἐσπουδακός |
|---|
Perfect active participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | ἐσπουδακότες | ἐσπουδακυῖαι | ἐσπουδακότα |
|---|
| Genitive | ἐσπουδακότων | ἐσπουδακυιῶν | ἐσπουδακότων |
|---|
| Dative | ἐσπουδακόσι(ν) | ἐσπουδακυίαις · ἐσπουδακυίαφι · ἐσπουδακυίᾳς | ἐσπουδακόσι(ν) |
|---|
| Accusative | ἐσπουδακότας | ἐσπουδακυίας | ἐσπουδακότα |
|---|
| Vocative | ἐσπουδακότες | ἐσπουδακυῖαι | ἐσπουδακότα |
|---|
Perfect middle/passive participle, singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | ἐσπουδασμένος | ἐσπουδασμένη | ἐσπουδασμένον |
|---|
| Genitive | ἐσπουδασμένου | ἐσπουδασμένης | ἐσπουδασμένου |
|---|
| Dative | ἐσπουδασμένῳ | ἐσπουδασμένῃ | ἐσπουδασμένῳ |
|---|
| Accusative | ἐσπουδασμένον | ἐσπουδασμένην | ἐσπουδασμένον |
|---|
| Vocative | ἐσπουδασμένε | ἐσπουδασμένη | ἐσπουδασμένον |
|---|
Perfect middle/passive participle, plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|
| Nominative | ἐσπουδασμένοι | ἐσπουδασμέναι | ἐσπουδασμένα |
|---|
| Genitive | ἐσπουδασμένων | ἐσπουδασμένων | ἐσπουδασμένων |
|---|
| Dative | ἐσπουδασμένοις | ἐσπουδασμέναις | ἐσπουδασμένοις |
|---|
| Accusative | ἐσπουδασμένους | ἐσπουδασμένας | ἐσπουδασμένα |
|---|
| Vocative | ἐσπουδασμένοι | ἐσπουδασμέναι | ἐσπουδασμένα |
|---|
Meaning and examples of σπουδάζω
Source: Socratos (socratos.org), a free reader for Ancient Greek and Latin. Grammar from the Perseus Treebank and Morpheus; dictionary entries from Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA). Counts are from the texts on Socratos.